1. Know the four types of species interactions described in class and in your text.

            Mutualism, Commensalism, Predation (including parasitism and hebivory), Competition

2. What is herbivory?

3. What are two ways in which predation can affect a community (one is immediate, one is evolutionary)

4. Define competition.

5. What are two ways in which competition can affect a community? (same as above for predation)

6. What does competitive exclusion mean? Under what conditions is it likely to occur?

7. What does mutualism mean?

8. Recognize the examples given in class.

9. What is a community? (How does a community differ from a population?)

10. What is a trophic level?  What are the four trophic levels found in almost all communities.

11. Know the difference between producers and consumers.

12. Understand food chain, food web.

13. How is energy distributed in a community?  What is the 10% rule?

14. Why are top predators relatively rare?

15. What is a keystone species? How does their removal usually affect a community?

16. Know the examples given in class.  (grey wolf, sea otter, beaver, fruit bat)

17. What is succession?

18. How do primary and secondary succession differ?

19. What are pioneer species?

20. What are climax species?

21. What happens to the environment during succession?

22. What happens to biodiversity during succession?

    What factors can prevent succession from occuring?

Understand the problem of invasive species, and in particular the zebra mussel example. Where is it, how did it get there, what are the impacts?

Probably won’t get to these before the exam. If not, we’ll cover them before the Biodiversity Chapter

23. Biomes: what is a biome?

24. What is the major difference between temperate climate and tropical climate?

25. The position or occurrence of terrestrial biomes is largely determined by what two environmental factors?

26. Which biome has the greatest biodiversity?

27. What biomes would be naturally present in the central valley of California?

28. What is a savanna?

29. What is chaparral?

30. What is taiga or boreal forest? Where is it located?

31. Why is the tropical rainforest more damaged by disturbance than most temperate  forests?

32. Why are the tundra and desert biomes severely impacted by disturbance?

33. Which North American biome has been largely replaced by agriculture?