1 . Which of the following pollutants IS NOT closely tracked by the U.S. EPA?

a. carbon monoxide.    b. nitrogen dioxide.     c. lead.     d. carbon dioxide.        e. sulfur dioxide.

2 . Stratospheric ozone is ______.

a. necessary for decreasing the amount of ultraviolet radiation that hits the surface of the planet. 

b.  increasing due to pollution.

c. decreasing due to the movement of the sun away from the planet.

d. decreasing due to methane produced by cows.

e. increasing and will lead to global warming.

3. Which country leads the world in producing the greatest % of its electricity with nuclear power?

a. Ukraine   b. United States   c. France   d. Japan   e. none of the above

4. The greenhouse gas produced by bacteria in the digestive tract of cattle is _______.

a. CFC      b. nitrous oxide.      c. methane.      d. halon gases.      e. water vapor.

5 . The concentrations of greenhouse gases present in the past have been evaluated using _______.

a. gas bubbles trapped in the atmosphere.

b. gas bubbles trapped in rock.

c. gas bubbles trapped in soil.

d. gas bubbles trapped in ice.

e. gas bubbles trapped in plant material.

6 . What is the justification that the proponents of the Kyoto Protocol offer for developing countries having different requirements than developed countries?

a. Developing countries have small populations, so they do not contribute as much to elevated CO2.

b. Developed countries created the current problems, so they should make the sacrifices necessary to clean them up.

c. People in developing countries do not have the technology to participate.

d. People in developing countries do not use fossil fuels, so they do not contribute to climate problems.

e. No countries believe that there should be a difference in participation between developed and developing nations.

7. The impacts of indoor pollution in the U.S. are …

a. often greater than the impacts of outdoor pollution

b. amplified because of the time we spend indoors

c. amplified because of the synthetic materials manufactured and sold for use indoors

d. amplified because ventilation systems are closed to increase energy efficiency

e. all of the above

8. Which of the following is a consequence of acid deposition?

a. loss of calcium from soil

b. water that is acidic enough to kill fish

c. widespread tree die-offs

d. erosion of buildings

e. all of the above can be consequences of acid deposition

9. The Kyoto Protocol

a. was intended to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to levels lower than those of 1990

b. is a binding international agreement that requires equal emission reductions from all signatory nations

c. required increases in nuclear power generation

d. is an international treaty with a goal to cut chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) production in half

e. all of the above

10. Biodiversity _______. 

a. is defined as the sum total of all organisms in an area.

b. takes into account the diversity of populations.

c. takes into account the diversity of genes.

d. takes into account the diversity of communities.

e. all of the above.

11. Which one of the following is a toxicant that was present in paint manufactured before 1978, and is linked to brain damage?

a. lead      b. PCB      c. radon      d. iron      e. mercury

12 What is true with respect to genetic diversity?

                        a. Species with more genetic diversity are vulnerable to environmental change.

            b. Species with more genetic diversity may be more susceptible to disease and inbreeding.

                        c. Species with more genetic diversity have better chances of surviving in the long run.

                        d. Species with more genetic diversity are better suited to cope with environmental change.

                        e. c and d.

13. The worldwide drop in sperm counts among men has been attributed to ...

a. mutagens    b. allergens     c. radioactive pollutants    d. endocrine disrupters    e. all of the above

14. Hydrogen fuels cells produce _____________ as a waste product.

a. water     b. oxygen and NO    c. VOCs    d. carbon dioxide     e. none of the above

15. The study on the children in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico, showed

a. intelligence was correlated with wealth.

b. infectious disease was more widespread in poor communities.

c. frogs were being affected by water pollution.

d. developmental delays occurred in children exposed to pesticides.

e. organic agriculture can be successful with government support.

16. According to the video, Hot Times in Alaska,

a. melting polar ice will create a positive feedback loop that will increase the rate at which global warming occurs.

b. the high latitudes are warming up faster than the tropical latitudes.

c. the loss of sea ice has negative impacts on a variety of bird and mammal species.

d. the tundra is getting shrubbier, and the boreal forest (taiga) may be replaced by grassland.

e. all of the above are true.

17.  Atmospheric cooling …

a. temporarily counter-balanced the initial stages of global warming.

b. is caused by nitrous oxide.

c. is caused by water vapor.

d. is caused by sulfur dioxide and other aerosols.

e. a and d.

18. Two air pollutants which exceed federal limits in the Central Valley are…

a. CO₂ and SO₂       b. ozone and PM       c. PM and lead.      d. VOCs and CO       e. CO₂ and NO₂.

19. The 1992 Convention on Biodiversity

a. has not been signed by the US.

b. was designed to conserve biodiversity.

c. requires biodiversity be used in a sustainable manner.

d. ensures the fair distribution of biodiversity's benefits to developing countries.

e. all of the above

20. Regarding the production of electricity in the US…

a. nuclear power provides about 20% of our electricity.

b. wind turbines provide about 20% of our electricity.

c. coal provides about 20% of our electricity.

d. solar (pv cells) provide about 20 % of our electricity.

e. a and c.

21. The fastest growing source of electricity generation using renewable resources is ________. 

a. solar   b.  natural gas     c. hydropower     d. wind     e. geothermal

            True/False

1.A reasonable estimate of the number of species on the planet is 1.75 million.

2. The IUCN Red list is a list of rogue countries that illegally trade in endangered species.

3. Malaria is decreasing due to land use changes and increased use of pesticides.

4. All of the valuable processes that intact ecosystems provide for us free of charge are known as ecosystem services.

  5. Bol 5. Biological diversity generally increases as one approaches the equator.

6. Natural gas produces less CO2 when burned than coal or oil.

7. Hubbert's Peak is the name of the first place oil was discovered in Alaska.

8. About 33% of U.S. species are considered to be vulnerable to extinction.

9. The current rate of extinction is believed to be 100 to 1000 times the background rate.

10. The country with the most coal is the United States.

Short Answer:

1. What are the 4 major greenhouse gases that are increasing due to human activities?

    What are their sources?

2. What two air pollutants are the major cause of acid precipitation? What are their sources?

3. What are the effects of acid precipitation?

4. What is the difference between photochemical smog and industrial smog?

    In what region is each more likely to be a problem?

5. List 4 key findings from the IPCC report that are evidence that global warming is occurring. (May be physical or biological)

6. From the IPCC report, list 4 predicted future impacts of global warming on human society and /or biodiversity.

7. List the 4 major causes of extinction or loss of biodiversity, as given in class.

8. List the top 5 infectious diseases, in order of the number of annual deaths they cause.

9. What are the pros and cons of:

    active solar

    PV cells or photovoltaic cells

    wind turbines

    hydroelectric

10. Describe two examples of invasive species, including where they are a problem, and what their negative impacts are.