1 . Which of the following pollutants IS NOT closely tracked by the U.S. EPA?

a. carbon monoxide.    b. nitrogen dioxide.     c. lead.     d. carbon dioxide.        e. sulfur dioxide.

2 . Stratospheric ozone is ______.

a. necessary for decreasing the amount of ultraviolet radiation that hits the surface of the planet. 

b. increasing due to pollution.

c. increasing and will lead to global warming.

d. slowly recovering as a result of the Montreal Protocols

e.  A and D

3. Which country leads the world in producing the greatest % of its electricity with nuclear power?

a. Ukraine   b. United States   c. France   d. Japan   e. none of the above 

4. The greenhouse gas produced by bacteria in the digestive tract of cattle is _______.

a. CFC      b. nitrous oxide.      c. methane.      d. halon gases.      e. water vapor.  

5 . The concentrations of greenhouse gases present in the past have been evaluated using _______.

a. gas bubbles trapped in the atmosphere.

b. gas bubbles trapped in rock.

c. gas bubbles trapped in soil.

d. gas bubbles trapped in ice.

e. gas bubbles trapped in plant material.

6 . What is the justification that the proponents of the Kyoto Protocol offer for developing countries having different requirements than developed countries?

a. Developing countries have small populations, so they do not contribute as much to elevated CO2.

b. Developed countries created the current problems, so they should make the sacrifices necessary to clean them up.

c. People in developing countries do not have the technology to participate.

d. People in developing countries do not use fossil fuels, so they do not contribute to climate problems.

e. No countries believe that there should be a difference in participation between developed and developing nations.

7. Bisphenol-A is ________. 

a.  an estrogen mimic that is used in plastic manufacturing 

b.  produced when fossil fuels are burned 

c.  released from aerosol spray cans 

d.  a currently used herbicide 

e.  a banned insecticide

8. Which of the following is a consequence of acid deposition?

a. loss of calcium from soil

b. water that is acidic enough to kill fish

c. widespread tree die-offs

d. erosion of buildings

e. all of the above can be consequences of acid deposition

9. The Kyoto Protocol

a. was intended to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to levels lower than those of 1990

b. is a binding international agreement that requires equal emission reductions from all signatory nations

c. required increases in nuclear power generation

d. is an international treaty with a goal to cut chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) production in half

e. all of the above  

10. Hydrogen fuel cells produce _____________ as a waste product.

a. water     b. oxygen and NO    c. VOCs    d. carbon dioxide     e. none of the above

11. Which one of the following is a toxicant that was present in paint manufactured before 1978, and is

 linked to brain damage?

a. lead      b. PCB      c. radon      d. iron      e. mercury

12. Aquatic animals such as fish and frogs are especially good indicators of pollution because ________. 

a. they are easy to catch 

b. they are the most abundant on earth 

c. most chemicals are water soluble so they enter these organisms through drinking or skin absorption 

d. all chemical toxicants are found in water 

e.  the metabolism of these organisms is most like ours 

13. The worldwide drop in sperm counts among men has been attributed to ...

a. mutagens    b. allergens     c. radioactive pollutants    d. endocrine disrupters    e. all of the above

14. Air pollution …

a. can be from natural sources, such as volcanoes and forest fires.

b. is material added to the atmosphere that can effect climate or harm organisms.

c. is the result of temperature inversions

d. a and b.

e. a, b and c

15. The study on the children in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico, showed

a. intelligence was correlated with wealth.

b. infectious disease was more widespread in poor communities.

c. frogs were being affected by water pollution.

d. developmental delays occurred in children exposed to pesticides.

e. organic agriculture can be successful with government support. 

16. The fastest growing source of electricity generation using renewable resources is ________. 

a. solar   b.  natural gas     c. hydropower     d. wind     e. geothermal 

17.  Atmospheric cooling …

a. temporarily counter-balanced the initial stages of global warming.

b. is caused by nitrous oxide.

c. is caused by water vapor.

d. is caused by sulfur dioxide and other aerosols.

e. a and d.

18. Two air pollutants which exceed federal limits in the Central Valley are…

a. CO₂ and SO₂       b. ozone and PM       c. PM and lead.      d. VOCs and CO       e. CO₂ and NO₂.

19.  What happened at Lake Apopka, in Florida?

a. Birds were found poisoned due to DDT

b. Alligators suffered reproductive abnormalities due to pesticides and fertilizers

c. Children suffered developmental damage due to pesticide exposure.

d. Fish were declared inedible due to mercury contamination.

e. none of the above.

20. Regarding the production of electricity in the US…

a. nuclear power provides about 20% of our electricity.

b. wind turbines provide about 20% of our electricity.

c. coal provides about 20% of our electricity.

d. solar (pv cells) provide about 20 % of our electricity.

e. a and c. 

21. ________ is/are known to have (a) short persistence time(s). 

a. DDT       b. mercury        c. PCBs       d. PBDEs       e. none of the above

True/False

1. Melting polar ice generates a positive feedback loop that will increase the rate of

      global warming.

2. Sediments are the number 1 pollution problem in streams and rivers in the U.S..

3. Malaria is decreasing due to land use changes and increased use of pesticides.

4. The most widely used herbicide in the U.S., atrazine, is also an endocrine disruptor.

5. Infectious disease is the second-leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for over 1/4 of annual deaths. 

6. Natural gas produces less CO2 when burned than coal or oil.

7. Hubbert's Peak is the name of the first place oil was discovered in Alaska.

8. Persistent toxicants are more likely to bioaccumulate and biomagnify.

9. Endocrine disrupters, in low concentrations, are not likely to cause harm in the environment.

10. The country with the most coal is the United States.

Short Answer:

1. What are the 4 major greenhouse gases that are increasing due to human activities?

    What are their sources?

2. What two air pollutants are the major cause of acid precipitation? What are their sources?

3. What are the effects of acid precipitation?

4. What is the difference between photochemical smog and industrial smog?

    In what region is each more likely to be a problem?

5. List 4 key findings from the IPCC report that are evidence that global warming is occurring. (May be physical or biological)

6. From the IPCC report, list 4 predicted future impacts of global warming on human society and /or biodiversity.

7a. List the three fossil fuels that we use for energy.

b. List 3 major environmental impacts that result from their use.

c. Why isn’t nuclear power a substitute for imported oil?

8. List the top 5 infectious diseases, in order of the number of annual deaths they cause.

9. What are the pros and cons of:

active solar

PV cells or photovoltaic cells

wind turbines

hydroelectric

nuclear power

10a. Modern sewage treatment is specifically designed to accomplish 3 things. List them.

b. What two types of pollutants are not removed from water during sewage treatment?