I. Multiple Choice: Mark on Scantron (need 882 or similar)

1. An enormous amount of water is released into the atmosphere by plants in the process called …

a. hydration      b. precipitation  c. respiration       d. transpiration    e. none of the above

2. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

a. sunlight   b. fossil fuels   c. food   d. water   e. wind

3. The idea that unrestrained self-interest will result in the destruction of land or resources held in common is called …

a. annihilation of the commons.  b. tragedy of the good.

c. common self-interest.                        d. the self-preservation ethic.

e. the tragedy of the commons.

4. Which North American biome has been largely replaced by agriculture?

a. temperate deciduous forest                b. temperate grassland

c. temperate rainforest                          d. chaparral                  e. taiga

5. Which of the following could be considered an externality?

a. elimination of local sport fish

b. aesthetic harm such as destruction of a local park

c. health problems of those downstream from pollution sources

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

6. Rachel Carson’s book, Silent Spring, published in the 1960s,

a. awakened the American public to negative effects of pesticides.

b. criticized the modern environmental movement.

c. focused on health effects of radiation and fallout from nuclear testing.

d. was discreditied by a presidential commission.

e. c and d.

7. The pH scale was devised to quantify the __________ of a solution.

a. salinity    b. acidity    c. plasticity     d. hardness      e. toxicity

8.  Nitrogen fixation is

a. the process where nitrogen gas combines with oxygen in cells to release energy.

b. a process that makes nitrogen available to plants

c. a part of photosynthesis.

d. a process accomplished by certain bacteria associated with legumes.

e. b and d .

9.  High population density can

a .make it easier for organisms to find mates.

b .lead to competition.

c. result in high levels of disease transmission.

d. b and c

e. all of the above

10. Age structure diagrams

a. have no inherent value for predicting growth.

b. are always pyramid shaped.

c. have bars that represent size of an age class.

d. b and c

e. none of the above

11. A community is _______.

a. a group of interbreeding  individuals of the same species in the same geographic area.

b. a group of interacting species in the same area at the same time

c.  a group of interacting species and the abiotic environment with which they interact

d.  the interactions of endemic organisms

e.  none of the above

12.Which list includes biomes in the correct order of highest to lowest rainfall?

a. tropical rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, grassland, desert

b. grassland, tropical rainforest, desert, temperate deciduous forest

c. grassland, desert, tropical rainforest, temperate deciduous forest

d. tropical rainforest, grassland, temperate deciduous forest, desert

e. tropical rainforest, desert, temperate deciduous forest, grassland

13. The functional role of a species in its community is its

a. habitat.  b. trophic level.  c. selection.   d. niche.   e. carrying capacity.

14. Logistic growth _______. 

a. is growth when there are no constraints

b. occurs under when a population is small and environmental conditions are ideal.

c. is demonstrated when population growth is rapid at first, and then begins to level off as the effects of limiting factors become stronger

d. is population growth in which populations experience severe sudden population crashes

e. none of the above.

15. A government give-away of publicly owned resources, or cash, or a tax-break to encourage a particular activity is called …

a. a subsidy    b. command and control.   c. tax and spend.  d. illegal.     e. all of the above.

16. Evolution is …

a. a genetic change in a population over time.

b. survival of the fittest.

c. the development of a new species in place of an older species.

d. not possible under today’s conditions.

e. a genetic change in an individual over time.

17. Which of the following best describes the role of autotrophs in ecosystems? 

a. They produce their own organic molecules, which can be broken down for energy.

b. They produce their own inorganic molecules, which can be broken down for energy. 

c. They consume other organisms for energy. 

d. They consume decomposers for energy.

e. They consume producers for energy. 

18. Which of the following equations represents photosynthesis?

a. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O   --->  12 H2O + 6 CO2

b. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --->  C6H12O6 + 6 O2

c. C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 + chemical energy --->6 O2 + 6 H2O

d. 12 NO2 + 6CO2 + light  --->C6N12O6 + 6 O2 +6 H2O

e. None of the above

19. A sustainable economy …

a. requires going back to a subsistence economy, instead of a market economy.

b. is always a capitalist economy.

c. provides goods and services without damaging the environment in the long run.

d. b and c.

e. none of the above.

20. The ecological footprint …

a. is higher for China than the U.S.

b. is a measure of the migration patterns of a population.

c. is a consequence of both population size and consumption.

d. cannot be reduced by technology.

e. describes the land use patterns within a country.

II. True/False: Mark on scantron- A for true, B for false. One point each.

21. Ecolabeling informs consumers which brands use processes believed to be environmentally beneficial and which brands do not.

22. Soil erosion is an example of a negative feedback loop.

23. All of the land from which water drains into the river is called an aquifer.

24. The process of nutrient enrichment, increased production of organic matter, and subsequent ecosystem degradation is known as eutrophication.

25. Easter Island was an example of a sustainable society.

26. An experiment is an activity designed to test the validity of a hypothesis.

27. A K- strategist species is more likely to have a high biotic potential than an r-strategist species.

28. A theory is a widely accepted, well-tested explanation of one or more cause-and-effect relationship that has been rigorously tested.

Short Answer: List means bullet points or phrases. Describe or explain requires more detail.  Point value is in parenthesis.  (You will have more space on actual exam.)

(2) 1. Write the equation used to determine the growth rate or net change in a population size.

(2) 2. List 4 types of market based incentives that can be used as environmental policy tools:

(2) 3. List four ways that neoclassical economics contributes to environmental problems.

(3.5) 4a. List 3 human activities that have altered the carbon cycle.

b. What is the effect of this alteration on the atmosphere?

c. What is the expected effect on the earth’s climate?

(2.5) 5a. List 3 INTRINSIC characteristics that make a species more vulnerable to extinction.

 b. List 2 external factors that may cause a species to go extinct.

(2) 6. List 4 ecosystem services.

(1) 2. Which terrestrial biome has the highest species diversity?