1. How does “congestion charging” result in cleaner air?

2. What are 5 functions of the atmosphere?

3. What are the two lower layers of the atmosphere?  What are their important characteristics?

4. Warm air tends to ____________, unless stopped by a _____________________ layer.

5. What is a thermal inversion layer, and what geographic factor increases the probability that it will occur?    What is the effect of a thermal inversion on pollution levels?

6. What are some of the natural sources of air pollution?

7. What is the difference between primary and secondary pollutants? Know examples.

8. What are the 6 criteria pollutants tracked by the EPA?

For all six, know the major health or ecological effects and major sources.

  9. Which two pollutants are serious problems in the Central Valley?

10.  What does VOC stand for? Where do they come from or what are their uses?

11. Has the Clean Air Act had much effect on outdoor or ambient air pollution? What actions have resulted in improved air quality?

12. What is industrial smog? What pollutants contribute to it?  In what climate is it most common?

13. What is photochemical smog? What pollutants contribute to it? In what climate is it most common?  What are the health and environmental effects? 

14. Why is stratospheric ozone depletion a problem?  Where is it most severe?

15. What are CFCs?  What are the sources or uses of CFCs? What are some of the other halocarbons that are ozone destroyers?

16. What is the Montreal Protocol?

17. What is the current status of the ozone depletion problem?

18. What are the two major primary pollutants that cause acid deposition? What are their major sources?

19. What is the pH of normal precipitation? Of acid precipitation?

20. What are the environmental impacts of acid deposition?