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Herbarium of California State University Stanislaus (SHTC)

Arnica synonyms and types.


1. Arnica acaulis (Walt.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb, Fl. Carol. 205. 1888. TYPE: Clayton, Virginia.

Doronicum acaule Walt. Prelim. Cat. 30. 1788.

Arnica claytoni Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 527. 1814.

Arnica nudicaulis Nutt., Gen. 2:164. 1818.

2. Arnica angustifolia Vahl in Hornem. subsp. angustifolia, Fl. Dan. 9(26): 5. 1816. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin var. angustifolia (Vahl) Fern., Rhodora 36: 96. 1934. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. angustifolia (Vahl) Maguire, Madrono 6: 153. 1942. TYPE: "E. Groenlancia. Geiseke s.n." (HOLOTYPE, S; ISOTYPE, C).

Arnica alpina (L.) Olin forma inundata Porsild, Medd. Groenl. 58: 181. 1926. TYPE: Sargag, Greenland. Porsild 200 fide Maguire (1943). Type not seen.

Arnica alpina (L.) Olin var. vahliana Boivin, Nat. Can. 75: 209. 1948 TYPE: "Baffin Island. 1937. V. C. Wynne-Edwards 7364" fide Ediger and Barkley (1978). Type not seen.

Arnica montana L. var. alpina L., Sp. Pl. 884. 1753. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin, Dissert. de Arnica, Upsaliae 11. 1799. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. genuina Maguire, Brittonia 4: 408. 1943. Arnica angustifolia Vahl subsp. alpina (L.) I. K. Ferguson in Heywood, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 282. 1973 TYPE: "Habitat in Alpibus and pratis Europae frigidioris," as described in Linnaeus' Species Plantarum (1753) fide Maguire (1943). Type not seen.

Arnica attenuata Greene, Pittonia 4: 170. 1900. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. attenuata (Greene) Maguire, Madrono 6: 153. 1942. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin var. attenuata (Greene) Ediger & Barkl., N. Amer. Fl. 10: 31. 1978. Arnica angustifolia Vahl subsp. attenuata (Greene) G. W. Douglas & G. Ruyle-Douglas, Canad. J. Bot. 56: 1710. 1978. TYPE: "Open woods and river banks. Lewis River, Yukon Territory. June 13, 1899. M. W. Gorman 1025." (ISOTYPES, CAN, NY photo!, US!).

Arnica lowii Holm, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni. Veg. 3: 388. 1907. TYPE: "Severn River (Keewatin) Ont. August 5, 1886. J. Macoun 14699. (HOLOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. attenuata Greene var. linearis Hultén, Lunds Univ. Aarrskr. 11. Sect. 2, 46: 1588. 1950. TYPE: Fort Yukon. Murie 2204 fide Ediger and Barkley (1978). Type not seen.

Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. attenuata Greene var. vestita Hulten, Lunds Univ. Aarrskr. 11. Sect. 2, 46: 1588. 1950. TYPE: Tonsina Lodge, eastern Pacific Coast district of Alaska. (TYPE, S).

Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. iljnii Maguire, Brittonia 4: 411. 1943. Arnica iljnii (Maguire) lljin, Fl. URSS. 26: 658. 1961. Arnica angustifolia Vahl subsp. Iljnii (Maguire) I. K. Ferguson in Heywood, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 282. 1973. TYPE: "Unterlauf des Jenissei, Ust-Jenisseiski Port (69° 39' n. Br.) Aug. 4, 1926. A. Tolmachev 199." (HOLOTYPE, LE; ISOTYPES, GH!, O, S).

Arnica intermedia Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 34: 203. 1851. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. intermedia (Turcz.) Maguire, Brittonia 4: 410. 1943. TYPE: Prope Alach Jun 1835. N. Turczaninow 836. (HOLOTYPE, LE).

Arnica sornborgeri Fern., Rhodora 7: 147. 1905. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. sornborgeri (Fern.) Maguire, Brittonia 4: 414. 1943. TYPE: "Rama, Labrador. Aug. 20-24, 1897. J. D. Sornborger 157. (HOLOTYPE, GH; ISOTYPES, NY photo!, RM, US!).

Arnica terrae-novae Fern., Rhodora 27: 90. 1925. TYPE: "Green Gardens, Cape St. George, Newfoundland. July 24, 1922. K. K. Mackenzie & L. Griscom 11039." (HOLOTYPE, GH!).

Arnica sornborgeri Fern. var. ungavensis Boivin, Nat. Can. 75: 211. 1948. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin var. ungavensis Boivin, Phytologia 23: 94. 1972. TYPE: Quebec. Fort Chimo, Baie d'Ungava. Aug. 17, 1945. Dulilly & Lepage 14768 fide Ediger and Barkley (1978). Type not seen.

Arnica plantaginea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 527. 1814. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin var. plantaginea (Pursh) Ediger and Barkl., N. Amer. Fl. Ser. 11, Pt. 10: 32. 1978. TYPE: "Labrador. Herb. Dickson. Colmaster s.n. (HOLOTYPE, PH)

3. Arnica angustifolia Vahl subsp. tomentosa (Macoun) G. W. Douglas & G. Ruyle-Douglas, Canad. J. Bot. 56: 1710. 1978. Arnica tomentosa Macoun, Ottawa Nat. 13: 166. 1899. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. tomentosa (Macoun) Maguire, Madrono 6: 153. 1942. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin var. tomentosa (Macoun) Cronquist, Vas. Pl. Pac. N. W. 5: 46. 1955. TYPE: "Sheep Mountain, Waterton Lake, Rocky Mts., July 31, 1895. J. Macoun 11606." (HOLOTYPE, CAN!; ISOTYPE NY photo!).

Arnica pulchella Fern., Rhodora 27: 18. 1915. TYPE: "Table Mountain. Region of Port au Port Bay, Newfoundland. July 16 and 17, 1914. M. L. Fernald & H. St. John 10874. (HOLOTYPE, GH; ISOTYPES, CAN!, GH!, NY photo!).

Arnica tomentosa Macoun ex Greene, Pittonia 4: 168. 1900. non Arnica tomentosa Macoun, Ottawa Nat. 13: 166. 1899. TYPE: "Mountains near Athabasca River near Lac Brute, Rocky Mts. June 20, 1898. W. Spreadborough 19635." (ISOTYPE, CAN).

4. Arnica cernua Howell, Fl. NW. Am. 373. 1900. TYPE: Oregon, Josephine Co. On dry banks, base of the Coast mountains near Waldo, July 1884, T. Howell 166 (HOLOTYPE, ORE!).

Arnica chandleri Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34:339. 1927. TYPE: California, Humboldt Co., Hupi (Hoopa) Indian Reservation, June, 1901, H. P Chandler 1298 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, GH!, MO!, UC!, US!).

5. Arnica chamissonis Less. Linnaea 6: 238, 1831; Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp. genuina Maguire, Brittonia 4(3): 461, 1943. TYPE (designated by Gruezo & Denford 1994): Alaska, Unalaschka, Eschscholtz, non datum, Ad. Yon Chamisso s.n. (HOLOTYPE, LE; ISOTYPE, LE). TYPE (designated by Gruezo & Denford 1994): Alaska, Unalaska, non datum, Choris s.n. (TOPOTYPE, LE) and Choris et Langsdorffs s.n. (TOPOTYPE, LE).

Arnica foliosa Nutt., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 7: 407, 1841 syn. nov.; A. Gray, Syn. F1. N. Amer. I: 382, 1884; = Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp foliosa (Nutt.) Maguire, Rhodora 41: 508, 1939; TYPE (designated by Gruezo & Denford 1994): "Rocky & Blue Mts.", Nuttall s.n. (HOLOTYPE, BM pro parse mag.; ISOTYPES, GH!).

Arnica foliosa Nutt. var. andina Nutt., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 7: 407, 1841, syn. nov.; = Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp. foliosa (Nutt.) Maguire var. andina (Nutt.) Ediger & Barkley, N. Amer. F1. ser. II, pt. 10, p. 21, 1978. TYPE (designated by Gruezo & Denford 1994): "Rocky & Blue Mts.", Nuttall s.n. (GH!).

Arnica foliosa Nutt. var. incana A. Gray, Amer. Nat. 8: 213, 1874 syn. nov.; A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 416, 1876; F.V. Coville, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 4: 139, 1893; H.M. Hall & C.C. Hall, A Yosemite Flora, p. 264, 1912; F.J. Smiley, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9: 385, 1921; S.F. Blake in I. Tidestrom, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 607, 1925; W.L. Jepson, Man. Calif. Fl. P1. p. 1157, 1925. = Arnica incana (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 4: 169, 1900 non Pers. (1807); Arnica cana Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 282, 1902 - nom. nov. vice Arnica incana (A. Gray) Greene; C.V. Piper, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: S93, 1906; = Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp. incana (A. Gray) Maguire, Brittonia 4(3): 466. 1943; A. Cronquist in R.J. Davis, Flora of Idaho, p. 688, 1952; A.E. Porsild & W.J. Cody, Vasc. Pl. Cont. NWT, Canada, p. 574, map 1048, 1980. = Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp. foliosa (Nutt.) Maguire var. incana (A. Gray) Hulten, Flora of Alaska & Yukon, p. 1591, 1950; E. Hultén, Flora of Alaska & neighboring territories, p. 921, 1968; E. Hulten, Lunds. Univ. Arrskr. II, sect. 2 46(1): 1591, 1950; A. Cronquist, Vasc. P1. Pac. NW 5: 48, 1955; A. Cronquist, in R. Ferris, Illus. Fl. Pac. States 4: 420, 1959; P.A. Munz, Calif. F1. p. 1241, 1968; A. Cronquist in C.L. Hitchcock, A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey & J.W. Thompson, Fl. Pac. NW p. 483, 1973; S.L. Welsh, Anderson's Flora of Alaska & adjacent parts of Canada, p. 119, 1974; R.I. Ediger & T.M. Barkley, N. Amer. Fl. ser. II, pt. 10, p. 22, 1978. H.J. Scoggan, Fl. Canada pt. 4, p. 1475, 1979. = Arnica chamissonis Less. var. incana (A. Gray) Welsh, Great Basin Nat. 28(3): 149, 1968. TYPE: CALIFORNIA, Sierra Nevada, "in deep water strange to say but true", 1872, H.N. Bolander, Kellogg & Keller s.n. (HOLOTYPE, GH!; ISOTYPE, CAN!, NY photo!).

Arnica montana angustifolia Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 330, pro parte, 1834.

Arnica chamissonis Less. var. typica Regel, Suppl. ad Ind. sem. h.b. Petrop. p. 16, 1864; Herder, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 4: 425, 1867; Maguire, Brittonia 4(3): 461, 1943. TYPE: not seen.

Arnica chamissonis Less. var. angustifolia Herder, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Soc. 4: 425, 1867. TYPE: Saskatchewan, "Palliser's Brit. N. Am. Expl. Expedition, 1857-8", E. Bourgeau s.n. (ISOTYPE, GH!, NY possible isotype photo!). TYPE: Saskatchewan, "Palliser's Brit. N. Am. Expl. Expedition, 1857-9" E. Bourgeau s.n.! (PARATYPE, NY).

Arnica denudata Greene, Pittonia 3: 105, 1896. TYPE: Nevada, Deeth, 14 July 1896, Edw. L. Greene s.n. (ISOTYPE, UC).

Arnica denudata Greene var. canescens Greene, Pittonia 3: 105, 1896. TYPE: not seen.

Arnica columbiana Greene, Pittonia 4: 159, Dec. 1900. non Arnica columbiana A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 200, Sept. 1900. = Arnica greenei A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 31: 406, 1901. TYPE: British Columbia, McLennan River, headwaters of Columbia River, 27 July 1898, W. Spreadborough Geol. Surv. Can. 19646 (ISOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica macilenta Greene, Pittonia 4: 161, 1900. P.A. Rydberg, Flora of Colorado, Colo. Agric. Bull 100: 389, 1906. = Arnica subplumosa Greene var. macilenta (Greene) A. Nelson, Man. Bot. Rocky Mts., p. 573,1909. TYPE: Colorado, Larimer County, Andrew's Shetland Ranch, aft. 8000 ft. 12 July 1896, Carl F. Baker 51 (HOLOTYPE, NDG; ISOTYPES, NY photo!, POM).

Arnica bernardina Greene, Pittonia 4: 170, 1900. = Arnica foliosa Nutt. var. bernardina (Greene) Jepson, Man. F1. Pl. Calif. p. 1157, 1925. = Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp. foliosa (Nutt.) Maguire var. bernardina (Greene) Maguire, Amer. Midl. Nat. 37: 140, 1947; A. Cronquist in R. Ferris, Illus. F1. Pac. States 4: 420, 1950; R.I. Ediger & T.M. Barkley, N. Amer. F1., ser. II, pt. 10, p. 22, 1978. TYPE: California, San Bernardino Mts., Bear Valley, moist meadows and even in water, 1 August 1882, S.B. & W.F. Parish 1448 (ISOTYPE, GH!, UC).

Arnica ocreata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 201, 1900. TYPE: WYOMING, Upper Wind River, 10 August 1894, Aven Nelson 766 (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPES, CU, GH!, NDG, NY photo!, WS). TYPE: Wyoming, Wind River meadow, 10 August 1894, Aven Nelson 1195 (PARATYPES, NDG, RM). TYPE: Wyoming, Yellowstone Park, Shoshone Lake, alt. 7500 ft. 1 August 1897, P.A. Rydberg & Ernst A. Bessey 5224 (PARATYPE, RM). TYPE: Wyoming, Yellowstone National Park, Snake River, in the edge of thickets on the bottoms, 12 August 1899, Aven Nelson & Elias Nelson 6403 (PARATYPE, RM).

Arnica exigua A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 202, 1900. TYPE: Wyoming, Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Lake, on dry sandy banks, 24 August 1899, Aven Nelson & Elias Nelson 6940 (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPE? Aven Nelson & Elias Nelson 6930 photo!).

Arnica tomentulosa Rydb., Bull. Torrey Club 28: 20, 1901. TYPE: Wyoming (northwestern), Buffalo Fork, 9000 ft. August 1897, F. Tweedy 523 (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!).

Arnica stricta A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 31: 407, 1901. non Arnica stricta Greene, Ottawa Nat. 23: 214, 1910. TYPE: Wyoming, Loveland, 2 July 1893, J.D. Parker s.n. (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica celsa A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 31: 408, 1901. P.A. Ryberg, Flora of Colorado, Colo. Agric. Bull. 100: 389,1906. TYPE: Wyoming, Albany Co., Tie City, in a wet native meadow, growing in great profusion, 20 July 1900, Aven Nelson 7643 (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPES, COLO, ORE, GH!, NY photo!, US!).

Arnica rhizomata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 31: 409, 1901. P.A. Rydberg, Flora of Colorado, Colo. Agric. Bull. 100: 388,1906. TYPE: Wyoming, Albany Co., Lincoln Gulch, in open, grassy subalpine parks, 8 August 1900, Aven Nelson 8012 (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPES, GH!, NY photo!, US!). TYPE: Wyoming, Pine Creek, 11 July 1892, B.C. Buffum s.n. (PARATYPE, RM) . TYPE: Wyoming, Green Mountain, 6 July 1896, Aven Nelson s.n. (PARATYPE, RM) . TYPE: Wyoming, North Vermillion Creek, 17 July 1897, Aven Nelson 3587 (PARATYPE, RM).

Arnica kodiakensis Rydb., N. Amer. F1. 34: 353, 1927. A.W. Sharples. Alaska Wild Flowers p. 17, 1938. TYPE: Alaska, Kodiak, 1910, Aliss Ruth Mylroie 30 (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!; TYPE fragment, S).

Arnica elongata Greene in Tatewaki et Kobayashi, J. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 36: 85, 1934, pro spec.

Arnica lanulosa Greene, P1. Baker. 3: 26, 1901. TYPE: Colorado (west central), Region of the Gunnison Watershed, Crested Butte, aft. 8875 ft. 6 July 1901, C.F. Baker 336 (ISOTYPES, GH!, NY photo!, POM, RM, US!). TYPE: Colorado, Region of the Gunnison Watershed, Marshall Pass, small colonies on shelving banks, 20 August 1901, C.F. Baker 881 (PARATYPES, NDG, POM).

Arnica rubricaulis Greene, Ottawa Nat. 33: 213, 1910. TYPE: British Columbia, Trail, in a large clump by a brook, 22 June 1902, J. M. Macoun Geol. Surv. Can. 64985 (HOLOTYPE, NDG; ISOTYPES, CAN!, GH!, NY photo!, WS).

Arnica foliosa Nutt. var. sonnei (Greene) Jepson, Man. F1. P1. Calif. p. 1157, 1925, pro quead spec. Arnica bruceae Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 347, 1927. TYPE: California, Modoc County, Lake Annie, June 1898, Mrs. C.C. Bruce 2174 (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!; ISOTYPES CAS, UC).

Arnica maguirei A. Nelson, Amer. J. Bot. 21: 58, 1934. Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp. foliosa (Nutt.) Maguire var. maguirei (A. Nelson) Maguire, Rhodora 41: 508, 1939. A. Cronquist, Vasc. Pl. Pac. NW 5: 48, 1955. A. Cronquist in C.L. Hitchcock, A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey & J.W. Thompson, F1. Pac. NW, p. 483, 1973. R.I. Ediger & T.M. Barkley, N. Amer. Fl. ser. II, pt. 10, p. 22, 1978. TYPE: Montana, Glacier National Park, Lower St. Mary Lake, near pond north of outlet, aft. 4460 ft. in low-lying open woodland of willow and cottonwood, 4 August 1932, Bassett Maguire 1098 (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPE, GH!). TYPE: Montana, about outlet to Lower St. Mary's Lake, moist rich loam under aspen & willows, associated with Epilobium angustifolium, Calamagrostis canadensis, & Heracleum lanatum, 11 July 1934, Bassett Maguire, Ruth Maguire & C.B. Maguire 15356 (TOPOTYPES, CAN, PH).

Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp. chamissonis var. interior Maguire, Madrono 6: 154, 1942. A. Cronquist in R. Ferris, Illus. Fl. Pac. States 4: 419, fig. 5719, 1959. A. Cronquist in C.L. Hitchcock, A.Conquist, M. Ownbey & J.W. Thompson, F1. Pac. NW, p. 483, 1973. TYPE: British Columbia, Palliser, S. Brown 770, not seen.

Arnica chamissonis Less. subsp. foliosa (Nutt.) Maguire var. jepsoniana Maguire, Amer. Midl. Nat. 37: 140, 1947. TYPE: Nevada, Esmeralda County, White Mountains, Chiatovitch Creek, in scattered dense patches in damp soil, on sheltered meadowland near streams, aft. 2440 m, 6 July 1931, Victor Duran 3100 (ISOTYPES, CAS, GH!, NY photo!, RM, UC).

6. Arnica cordifolia Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1834. TYPE: Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains, on the east side, Drummond s.n. (HOLOTYPE, K photo!, possible ISOTYPE, NY photo!).

Arnica macrophylla Nutt., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11. 7: 408. 1841. Arnica cordifolia Hook. var. macrophylla (Nutt.) Maguire, Am. Midl. Nat. 37: 1947. TYPE: Blue Mountains of Oregon, Nuttall s n. (HOLOTYPE, K photo!).

Arnica chionophila Greene, Pittonia 4: 171. 1900. TYPE: Ruby Mountains, Nevada, July 20, 1896, E. L. Greene s.n. (HOLOTYPE, NDG!).

Arnica subcordata Greene, Pittonia 4: 173. 1900. TYPE: on the Athabasca River, June 26, 1898, W. Spreadborough (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 19644) (HOLOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica pumila Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1:433. 1900. Arnica cordifolia Hook. var. pumila (Rydb.) Maguire, Madrono 6: 154. 1942. TYPE: Gray’s Peak, Colorado, Aug.-Sept., 1872, Torrey s.n. (HOLOTYPE, NY!)

Arnica parvifolia Greene, Pl. Baker. 3: 28. 1901. TYPE: Marshall Pass, Colorado, 10,000 ft., July 19, 1901, C. F. Baker 515 (HOLOTYPE, NDG!; ISOTYPES, CAS!, GH!, MO!, NY photo!, POM!, UC!, US!, WS!).

Arnica paniculata A. Nelson, Man. Bot. Rocky Mts. 572. 1909 TYPE: moist timber, Bridger Peak, Carbon Co., Wyoming, Aug. 24, 1903, L. N. Gooding 1974 (HOLOTYPE, RM!; ISOTYPES, CAS!, GH!, MO! NY!, RM!, UC!, US!).

Arnica evermanii Green, Ottawa Nat. 23: 215. 1910. TYPE: shores of Petit Lake, Idaho, Aug. 13, 1895, B. W. Evermann 31S (HOLOTYPE, US!).

Arnica abortiva Greene, Leaflets 2:47. 1910. TYPE: open spaces in timber, Wind River Mts., Wyoming, July 23, 1881 W. H. Forwood s.n. (IHOLOTYPE, US!).

Arnica andersonii Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 33: 106. 1920. TYPE: Skeena, British Columbia, Sept. 11, 1910, ]. R. Anderson 677 (HOLOTYPE, US!; ISOTYPES, US!, WS photo!).

Arnica austinae Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 340. 1927. TYPE: Lake City Canyon, California, July 1898, Austin and Bruce 2165 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, NY!, UC!).

Arnica humilis Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 341. 1927. Arnica cordifolia Hook. var. humilis (Rydb.) Maguire, Am. Midl. Nat. 37: 138. 1947. TYPE: on "the saddle": Lake Louise, Alberta, July 20, 1904, J. Macoun (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 65504) (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica whitneyi Fernald, Rhodora 37: 334. 1935. Arnica cordifolia Hook. var. whitneyi (Fernald) Maguire, Brittonia 4: 452. 1943. TYPE: dry deciduous woods near Copper Harbor, Keweenaw Co., Michigan, July 4, 1934, Fernald and Pease 3579 (HOLOTYPE, GH!; ISOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica hardinae St. John, Fl. SE. Wash. 419. 1937. TYPE: open woods, Lake Chatcolet, Benewah Co., Idaho, Oct. 2, 1927, G. Weitman 226 (HOLOTYPE, WS!).

7. Arnica dealbata (A. Gray) B.G. Baldwin, Novon 9: 460. 1999. mock leopardbane. Whitneya dealbata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 550. 1865. TYPE: Brewer, W.H. 1627, 16 Jun 1863. USA. California. Yosemite Trail. 2134 m. (TYPES, GH!, US!).

8. Arnica discoidea Benth., P1. Hartw. 319.1849. TYPE: Monterey, California, Hartweg 1805 (HOLOTYPE, K photo!; ISOTYPES, GH!, NY!).

Arnica parviflora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 363. 1867. TYPE: Chaparral, Humboldt Co., California, Geol. Surv. Calif. 1867. H. N. Bolander 6051 (HOLOTYPE, GH!; ISOTYPES, UC!, K photo!, US!).

Arnica cordifolia Hook. var. eradiata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1: 381. 1884. Arnica diseoidea Benth. var. eradiata (A. Gray) Cronquist, Vasc. Pl. Pac. NW. 5: 49. 1955. TYPE: Hood River, Oregon, 1884, Mrs. Barrert s.n. (HOLOTYPE, GH!)

Arnica grayi A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 5. 1900. TYPE: Hood River, Oregon, 1884, Mrs. Barrett s.n. (HOLOTYPE, GH!).

Amica falconaria Greene, Ottawa Nat. 23: 215. 1910. TYPE: Falcon Valley, Washington, June 27, 1892, W. NF Suksdorf 1617 (HOLOTYPE, US!; ISOTYPES, UC!, GH!, NY!).

Arnica alata Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 342. 1927. Arnica parviflora A. Gray subsp. alata (Rydb.) Maguire, Brittonia 4: 455. 1943. Arnica discoidea Benth. var. alata (Rydb.) Cronquist, Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 102. 1958. TYPE: Yosemite, California, 1865, J. Torrey 258a (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPE NY!).

Arnica sanhedrensis Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 342. 1927. TYPE: Foothills of Mt. Sanhedren, Lake Co., California, Heller5985 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, COLO, POM!, UC!, US!).

9. Arnica fulgens Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 527. 1814. Arnica montana var. fulgens (Pursh) Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 164. 1818. TYPE: "On the banks of the Missouri" (Pursh 1814). (HOLOTYPE indicated by Maguire (1943) to be in BM; ISOTYPE, without locality, PH, photo CAN).

Arnica pedunculata Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 297. 1897. TYPE: "Flora of Central Montana, Spanish Basin, Madison Range. July 11, 1896. J. H. Flodman 899". (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!, US!).

Arnica monocephala Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1:435. 1900. Arnica pedunculata Rydb. var monocephala (Rydb.) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 5: 241. 1918. Arnica pedunculata Rydb. forma monocephala (Rydb.) Cockerell, Torreya 18: 183. 1918. TYPE: "Exploration of Montana and Yellowstone Park. Bridger Mountains, Mont. 14 June 1897. P. A. Rydberg and E. A. Ressey 5221". (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!; ISOTYPES, CAN!, US!).

Arnica pedunculata Rydb. var. tubularis Cockerell, J. Hered. 7: 428. 1916. TYPE: "Boulder, Colorado. June 1915. W. P. Cockerell s.n."(HOLOTYPE, GH!).

10. Arnica gracilis Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 297. Arnica latifolia Bong. var. gracilis(Rydb.) Cronquist, Vasc. P. Pac. N W 5: 51. 1955. TYPE: Spanish Peaks (Madison Range, Montana). 6000 ft., July 14, 1896, J. H. Flodman 901 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, NY!, US!).

Arnica columbiana A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 200. TYPE: Columbia Falls, Montana, 1894, J. J. Kennedy 24 (HOLOTYPE, MONT!)

Arnica multiflora Greene, Pittonia 4: 162. 1900. TYPE: Lake Pend d’Oreille, Idaho, June, 1891, J. 19. Leiberg 234 (HOLOTYPE, NDG!; ISOTYPE, MO!).

Arnica lactucina Greene. Ottawa Nat. 23:214. 1919. TYPE: Hamilton Mt., Banff, Alberta, 5,800 ft., July 24, 1899, W. C. McCalla 2014 (HOLOTYPE, US!; ISOTYPES, CU!, NY!)

Arnica betonicaefolia Greene var. gracilis (Rydb.) M. E. Jones, Bull. Univ. Mont. Biol. 15: 48. 1910.

Arnica puberula Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. 979. 1917. TYPE: Head of Lake Louise, Alberta, July 22, 1904, J. Macoun (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 65523) (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, CAN!, US!).

11. Arnica griscomii Fern. subsp. frigida (Meyer ex lljin) S. J. Wolf, Taxon 38: 141-142. Arnica frigida Meyer ex lljin, Trav. Musc. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS. 19: 112. 1926. Arnica louiseana Farr subsp. frigida (Meyer ex lljin) Maguire, Madrono 6: 153. 1942. Arnica louiseana Farr var. genuina Maguire, Madrono 6: 153. 1942. Arnica louiseana Farr var. frigida (Meyer ex Iljin) Welsh, Great Basin Nat. 28: 149. 1968. TYPE: "St. Laurence Bay (and Eschscholtz Bay), 1815-1818. Eschscholtz s.n." (HOLOTYPE, LE; ISOTYPE, LE)

Arnica nutans Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 328. 1927. TYPE: "Alaska, Vicinity of Port Clarence. Hillsides along Tuksuk Channel, near Port Clarence. July 30, 1901. F. A. Walpole 1618." (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!; ISOTYPE, US).

Arnica sancti-laurentii Rydb., N Amer. fl. 34: 328. 1927. TYPE: "Sinu St. Laurentii. Chamisso s.n." (HOLOTYPE, GH!).

Arnica brevifolia Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 329. 1927. Arnica louiseana Farr var. brevifolia (Rydb.) Maguire, Madrono 6: 153. 1942. TYPE: "Alaska, Copper River Region. Near Camp 6/15-19, in lateral moraine of Chitaslene Glacier. June 19, 1902. W. L. Poro 46." (HOLOTYPE, US!).

Arnica mendenhallii Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 329. 1927. Arnica louiseana Farr var. mendenhallii (Rydb.) Maguire, Madrono 6: 153. 1942. TYPE: "Alaska. Fort Hamlin, Yukon River to Bergman, Koyukuk River. Found on Old Man Creek, a branch of the Koyukuk River. July 8, 1901. W. C. Mendenhall s.n."(HOLOTYPE, US!, ISOTYPE UC).

Arnica illiamnae Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 331. 1927. Arnica louiseana Farr var. illiamnae (Rydb.) Maguire, Madrono 6: 15. 1942. TYPE: "Alaska. Lake lliamna region. Open tundra along Nogheling Trail. July 20, 1902. M. W. Gorman 163." (HOLOTYPE, US!; ISOTYPES GH!, NY photo!, UC).

Arnica louiseana Farr var. pilosa Maguire, Madrono 6: 154. 1942. TYPE: "Alaska. Igloo Creek, McKinley National Park. July 13, 1932. J. Dixon 29." (HOLOTYPE, UC; ISOTYPE, US).

Arnica snyderi Raup, Sargentia 6: 250. 1947. TYPE: "Alpine crevices and slide rock. Vicinity of Brintnell Lake. App. Lat. 62° 5' N., Long. 127° 325' W. north slope of Colonel Mt., S. W. Mackenzie. July 5, 1939. H. M. Raup & J. H. Soper 9383." (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPE, ALA!, CAN!).

Arnica frigida var. glandulosa Boivin, Rhodora 55: 56. 1953. TYPE: "Yukon Territory, Canada. Steep rocky slope by Klondike River. About 20 miles east of Dawson on road to McQuesten. July 17, 1949. J. A. Calder & L. G. Rillard 3767." (HOLOTYPE, DAO).

12. Arnica griscomii Fern. subsp. griscomii, Rhodora 26: 105. 1924. Arnica louiseana Farr subsp. griscomii (Fern.) Maguire, Brittonia 4: 419. 1943. Arnica louiseana Farr var. griscomii (Fern.) Boivin, Phytologia 23: 95. 1972. TYPE: "Quebec. Matane County. Cold chimneys in the schist at about 900-1000 m altitude, south of Fernald Pass, Mt. Mattaouisse. Aug. 20, 1923. M. L. Fernald & L. B. Smith 26084. " (HOLOTYPE, GH!; ISOTYPES, CAN!, CAS, MT, UC, US!).

13. Arnica lanceolata Nutt. subsp. amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Gruezo, Asia Life Sciences 3(2): 187. Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 7: 408, 1841. Arnica amplexifolia Rydb., Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 434, 15F, 1900. = Arnica amplexifolia Rydb. subsp. genuina Maguire, Madrono 6: 154, 1942; = Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt. subsp. genuina (Maguire) Maguire, Brittonia 4(3): 472, 1943. TYPE: OREGON, on the rocks of the Wahlamet at the Falls, Nuttall s.n. (HOLOTYPE, BM; ISOTYPE, GH!, UC).

Arnica macounii Greene, Pittonia 4: 160, 8D, 1900. TYPE: BRITISH COLUMBIA, Vancouver Island, vicinity of Comax 1 July 1893, J.M. Macoun Geol. Surv. Can. 478 (HOLOTYPE, NDG; ISOTYPES, CAN!, UC).

Arnica amplexifolia Rydb. subsp. prima Maguire, Madrono 6: 154, 1942; = Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt. subsp. prima (Maguire) Maguire, Brittonia 4(3): 472, 1943. = Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt. var. prima (Maguire) Welsh, Great Basin Nat. 28(3): 149, 1968. TYPE: ALASKA, Kodiak, 28 August 1867, A. Kellogg 231 (HOLOTYPE, PH; ISOTYPES, GH!, MO, NY photo!, US!). TYPE: ALASKA, Kodiak, 27 August 1867, A. Kellogg 290 (Paratype, MO).

Arnica aspera Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 281, 1902. C.V. Piper & R.K. Beattie, F1. NW Coast, p. 386, 1915; G.N. Jones, Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 7: 166, 1938. = Arnica macounii Greene subsp. aspera (Greene) G.N. Jones, Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5: 256, 1936. = Arnica mollis Hook. var. aspera (Greene) B. Boivin, Phytologia 23(1): 98, 1972. TYPE: WASHINGTON: Mt. Rainier, 19 Aug. 1889, Edw. L. Greene s.n. (HOLOTYPE, NDG, "fig. 2 is my type of Arnica aspera (E.L.G. 5 Sept. 1900); fig. 1 may perhaps be Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt. I doubt if it is with fig. 2"; ISOTYPES, US!, UC).

Arnica hirticaulis Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 349, 1927. TYPE: WASHINGTON, Skamania County, Crooks, 9 Wep 1909, Wilhelm N. Suksdorf 6648 (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!; ISOTYPE, WS, UC).

Arnica filipes Greene ex Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 350, 1927. TYPE: BRITISH COLUMBIA, Chilliwack River, Selese Creek, 4 August 1905, W. Spreadborough Geol. Surv. Canada 77025 (ISOTYPES, CAN!, GH!, NY photo!, UC, US).

Arnica elongata Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 350, 1927. TYPE: BRITISH COLUMBIA, mountains south of Chilliwack River, 25 July 1906 W. Spreadborough Geol. Surv. Canada 77007 (HOLOTYPE, CAN!; ISOTYPE, NY photo!, WS; UC).

Arnica borealis Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 351, 1927. = Arnica amplexifolia Rydb. subsp. genuina Maguire var. borealis (Rydb.) Maguire, Madrono 6: 154, 1942. TYPE: ALASKA, Juneau, 10 July 1917, J.P. Andersorn 614 (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!).

Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt. var. piperi St. John & Warren, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 44: 36, 1931; A. Cronquist in C.L. Hitchcock & A. Cronquist, Fl. Pac. NW, p. 484, 1973. = Arnica mollis Hook. var. piperi (St. John & Warren) B. Boivin, Phytologia 23(1): 98, 1972. TYPE: WASHINGTON, Cape Horn, 26 June 1904, C.V. Piper 4692 (HOLOTYPE, WS; ISOTYPE, UC, US). TYPE: WASHINGTON, Cape Horn, C.V. Piper 5009 (PARATYPE, UC, US).

Arnica trina A. Nelson, Amer. J. Bot. 21: 581, 1934. = Arnica amplexifolia Rydb. var. trina (A, Nelson) Maguire, Rhodora 41: 507, 1939. TYPE: MONTANA, Glacier National Park, Lake Josephine, margin of woodland, aft. 4880 ft. 2 August 1932, Bassett Maguire 1095 (HOLOTYPE, RM). TYPE: MONTANA, Glacier National Park, Elrod Lake, occurring commonly, associated with Tofieldia intermedia Rydb., Allium sibiricum L., & Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. in meadow near shore, aft. 5300 ft. 28 July 1932, Bassett Maguire 1094 (PARATYPES, GH!, RM, US!).

14. Arnica lanceolata Nutt. subsp. lanceolata, Trans. Amer. Phi1. Soc. II, 7: 407, 184 1. TYPE: New Hampshire, White Mts., alt. 4500 ft. C. Pickering s.n. (HOLOTYPE, PH).

Arnica mollis Hook., sensu Torrey, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 403, 1843, pro quoad spec.

Arnica chamissonis Less., sensu A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 382, 1884, pro quoad spec.

Arnica mollis Hook., sensu Fern., Rhodora 7: 149, 1905, pro quoad spec.; sensu Fr. Marie Victorin, Flore Laurentienne, p.595, fig.211, 1935, pro quoad spec.; sensu M.L. Fernald, Gray's Man. Bot., 8th ed., 1527, 1950, pro quoad spec.

Arnica mollis Hook. var. petiolaris Fern., Rhodora7: 150, 1905; M.L. Fernald, Gray's Man. Bot., 8th ed., p. 1527, 1950. = Arnica petiolaris (Fern.) Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 352, 1927, H.J. Scoggan, Fl. Canada, pt. 4, p. 1477, 1979. TYPE: Maine (N. Maine Upper Kuwehee. Moxie Falls, in the spray, 1862, G.L. Goodale s.n. (HOLOTYPE, GH!). TYPE: Maine, Rangeley, shady banks of a large brook, found growing at an altitude of 4000 ft, 28 July 1879, Ralph W Rounds s n. (PARATYPE, GH; UC).

15. Arnica latifolia Bong., Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI 2:147.1832. Arnica latifolia a genuina Herder, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 40: 424. 1867. TYPE: Sitka, Alaska, Mertens s.n. (LECTOTYPE by Maguire, LE photo!; SYNTYPE, GH!)).

Arnica menziesii Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1834. Arnica latifolia beta angustifolia Herder, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 40: 424. 1867 TYPE: Northwest coast of America. Menzies s.n. (HOLOTYPE, K photo!; COTYPE?, CAN!).

Arnica betonicaefolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 163. 1900. TYPE: Mt. Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington, 6000-7000 ft., Aug., 1895, C. V. Piper 2002 (HOLOTYPE, NDG!; ISOTYPE, GH!).

Arnica granulifera Rydb. Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 978. 1917. TYPE: Long Baldy, Little Belt Mts. Aug. 19, 1896. J.H.Floodman (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!).

Arnica teucriifolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 164. 1900. Arnica latifolia Bong. var. teucriifolia (Greene) L. Williams, Leafl. West, Bot. 1: 171. 1935. TYPE: Grassy mountain slopes, divide between St. Joe and Clear Water River, alt. 1820 m, region of the Coeur d’Alene Mountains, Idaho, July 10, 1895, J. R. Leiberg 1229 (HOLOTYPE, US!; ISOTYPES, MO!, NY!, POM!, UC!).

Arnica ovalifolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 168. 1900. TYPE: Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming, 9000-10000 ft., July 17, 1890, Blankinship s.n. (HOLOTYPE, NDG!).

Arnica ventorum Greene, Pittonia 4: 173. 1900. TYPE: Union Pass, Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, Aug. 11, 1894, A. Nelson 836 (HOLOTYPE, NDG!; ISOTYPES, MO!, NY!, RM!, WS!).

Arnica grandifolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 173. 1900. TYPE: Bridger Pass, Montana, July 28, 1896, J. H. Flodman 896 (HOLOTYPE, NW!; ISOTYPES, MO!, US!).

Arnica platyphylla A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 31: 407. 1901. TYPE: moist dark fir forests, Cascade Mts., Foothills, Hood River, Oregon, July 18, 1896. L. F. Henderson s.n. (LECTOTYPE by Maguire, RM!)

Arnica laevigata Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 279. 1902. TYPE: by springs in woods, Chilliwack Valley, B.C., alt. 3000 ft., Aug. 5, 1901, J. M. Macoun (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 26926) (HOLOTYPE, NDG!; ISOTYPES, CAN!, NY!).

Arnica aprica Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 280. 1902. TYPE: open ground along streamlets, Chilliwack Valley, B. C., alt. 3500 h., July 10, 1901, J. M. Macoun (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 26284) (HOLOTYPE, NDG, photo UC!; ISOTYPES, CAN!, GH!, NY!). The holotype is listed at NDG but has not been located by the staff.

Arnica jonesii Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts., 979. 1917. TYPE: Alta, Wasatch

Mountains, Utah, July 31, 1879, M. E. Jones 1119 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, GH!, NY!, POM!, UTC!).

Arnica eriopoda Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 65: 38. 1918. TYPE: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, July 27, 1902, W. C. Cusick 2914 (HOLOTYPE, US!; ISOTYPES, GH!, MO!, NY!, ORE, POM!, UC!, US!).

Arnica aphanactis Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 33: 105. 1920. TYPE: Mt. Baker, Washington, 1915, G. W. Turesson s.n. (HOLOTYPE, US!).

Arnica flodmanii Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 334. TYPE: Spanish Peaks, Madison Range, Montana, July 14, 1896, J. H. Flodman 898 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, MO!, NY!, US!).

Arnica glabrata Rydb, N. Am Fl 34: 335 TYPE: Crater Lake, Oregon, August 1898, Austin and Bruce 1627 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPE US!).

Arnica paucibracteata Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 336. 1927. TYPE: Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming, Aug. 3, 1900, A. Nelson 7941 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, GH!, MO!, NY photo!, POM!, RM! US!).

Arnica oligolepis Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 336. 1927. TYPE: Hazelton, Skeena River, B. C., June 23, 1917, J. M. Macoun (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 96048) (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica leptocaulis Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34:336. 1927. TYPE: Mt. Mark, Vancouver Island, B. C., July 25, 1887, J. M. Macoun s.n. (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, CAN!, US!).

Arnica membranacea Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 338. 1927. TYPE: Wimmer, Jackson Co., Oregon, June 13, 1892, E. W. Hammond 231 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, US!, WS!).

16. Arnica lessingii Greene, Pittonia 4:167. 1900. nodding arnica. TYPE: Kutzebue's Sound Capt. Mulgrave (HOLOTYPE, NDG?; ISOTYPE, NY photo!). Arnica alpina var. lessingii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1(2): 383. 1884.

Arnica obtusifolia var. acuta Raup, Contr. Arnold Arb. 6: 213. 1934. TYPE: Mrs. Henry 279, pass northeast of Robb Lake, northeastern British Columbia.

Arnica lessingii subsp. norbergii Hultén and Maguire in Maguire, Madrono 6: 155. 1942. TYPE: Norberg s.n., Orca Alaska. (TYPE, S

Arnica porsildiorum Boivin, Nat. Canad. 75: 210. 1948. TYPE: A.E. and R.T. Porsild 1402, Seward Peninsula, Alaska.

17. Arnica lonchophylla Greene subsp. lonchophylla, Pittonia 4: 164. 1900. Arnica lonchophylla Greene subsp. genuina Maguire, Brittonia 4: 430. 1943. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin var. lonchophylla (Greene) Welsh, Great Basin Nat. 28: 149. 1968. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin subsp. lonchophylla (Greene) G. W. Douglas & G. Ruyle-Douglas in Taylor and MacBryde, Canad. J. Bot. 56: 185. 1978. Arnica angustifolia Vahl subsp. lonchophylla(Greene) G. W. Douglas & G. Ruyle-Douglas, Canad. J. Bot. 56: 1710. 1978. TYPE: "Athabasca River, Lat. 53° 30', Alberta. June 25, 1898. W. Spreadborough 19647." (HOLOTYPE, ND; ISOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica arnoglossa Greene, Pittonia 4: 166. 1900. TYPE: "Black Hills, near Fort Meade, S. Dakota. June 11, 1887. W. H. Forwood 323 1/2. "(HOLOTYPE, US!). Arnica lonchophylla subsp. arnoglossa (Greene) Maguire, Brittonia 4:431. 1943. Arnica lonchophylla Greene var. arnoglossa (Greene) Boivin, Nat. Can. 87: 27. 1960.

Arnica wilsonii Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 332. 1927. TYPE: "W. of James Bay, 140 miles up Kapiscow River, Ont. July 15, 1902. W. J. Wilson 54043." (HOLOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica chionopappa Fern., Rhodora 7: 148. 1905. Arnica lonchophylla Greene subsp. chionopappa (Fern.) Maguire, Brittonia 4: 430. 1943. TYPE: "Wet cliffs, Banks of the Grand River, Gaspe County, Quebec. June 30-July 3, 1904. M. L. Fernald s.n." (HOLOTYPE, GH; TYPE, NY photo!).

Arnica gaspensis Fern., Rhodora 7: 148. 1905. TYPE: "Dry precipitous ledges of a hill at Cap Tourelle near St. Anne des Monts, Gaspe Co., Lower Canada. July 16, 1881 J. Arnica Allen s.n." (HOLOTYPE, GH!).

Arnica fernaldii Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 333. 1927. TYPE: "Newfoundland, Region of Port au Port Bay, Dry exposed ledges and shingle on the limestone tableland, Table Mountain, July 16 and 17, 1914. M. L. Fernald & H. St. John 10875." (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!; ISOTYPES, CAN!, GH!, MO!, RM).

Arnica arcana A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 37: 276. 1904. TYPE: Doyle Creek, Big Horn Mtns., Wyoming. July 26, 1902. Goodding 377 fide Ediger and Barkley (1978). (ISOTYPE, GH!, NY photo!, US!)

Arnica rydbergii var. dubia A. Nels. ex Hayward, Bot. Gaz. 85: 384. 1928, nomen nudum.

18. Arnica longifolia D.C. Eaton in S. Wats. Bot. King's Expl. 5: 186. 1871; T. Howell, Fl. NW Amer. 1: 374, 1897; P.A. Rydberg, Colorado Agric. Bull. 100: 389, 1906; A. Nels. New Manual Rocky Mt. Bot., in part, 1909; Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 348. 1927; F.J. Smiley, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9: 385, 1921; W.L. Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif., p. 1157, 1925; S.F. Blake in I. Tidestrom, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 606, 1925; E.H. Moss, Flora of Alberta, 1st ed., p. 448, 1959; A. Cronquist in C.L. Hitchcock & A. Cronquist, Fl. Pac. NW, p. 483, Fig. 3a, 1973; R.D. Dorn, Man. Vasc. Pl. Wyoming 1: 297, 1977; R.I. Ediger & T.M. Barkley, N. Amer. Fl., ser. II, pt. 10, 22, 1978; H.J. Scoggan, Fl. Canada, pt. 4, p. 1476, 1979; L. Arnow et al., Flora of Central Wasatch Front, Utah, p. l01 ,1980; J.G. Packer, Moss's Flora of Alberta, 2nd ed. (revised), p. 538, map 1019, 1983; S.L. Welsh et al., A Utah Flora, p. 144, 1987. = Arnica longifolia D.C. Eaton subsp. genuina Maguire, Brittonia 4(3): 468, 1943, nomen illegit; A. Cronquist in R.J. Davis, Flora of Idaho, p. 690, 1952. TYPE: Nevada, Clover Mountains, 9000 ft elev., September 1865, Sereno Watson 655 (HOLOTYPE, US!; ISOTYPE, GH!, NY photo!).

Arnica polycephala A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 30: 202. 1 900. TYPE: Wyoming, Yellowstone National Park, Snake River, among the rocks on a cliff, 12 August 1899, Aven Nelson & Elias Nelson 6422 (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPES, NDG, NY photo!, US!).

Arnica caudata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 463. 1910. TYPE: Utah, Salt Lake Co.: Big Cottonwood Canyon, near Lake Catherine, aft. 9300 ft. 3 August 1905, A.O. Garret 1547 (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!; ISOTYPE, RM; UC).

Arnica myriadenia Piper, Proc. Biol. Wash. 33: 106. 1920. = Arnica longifolia D.C. Eaton subsp. myriadenia (Piper) Maguire, Brittonia 4(3): 470, 1943. TYPE: Washington, Pierce Co.: Mt. Rainier National Park, Owyhigh, talus, 6000 ft alt., 8 August 1919, J.B. Flett 3211 (HOLOTYPE, US; ISOTYPE, WS, US!).

Arnica ciliaris Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 351. 1927, syn. nov. TYPE: California, Placer Co.: R.R. Canyon (?) or Crossing on road to Tahoe, 2 August 1896, C.F. Sonne s. n. (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!; ISOTYPES, NDG as C.F. Sonne 5, UC!).

19. Arnica louiseana Farr, Ottawa Nat. 20: 109. 1906. Arnica louiseana Farr subsp. genuina Maguire, Brittonia 4: 419. 1943. TYPE: "Lake Louise, Canadian Rocky Mts. Rockslide on Fairview Mt. Alt. about 6000 ft. Aug. 18, 1905. E. M. Farr 1067." (HOLOTYPE, PH; ISOTYPE, GH!).

20. Arnica mollis Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 331, 1834. TYPE: Rocky Mountains, probably in Alberta, Drummond s.n. (HOLOTYPE, K; ISOTYPES, CAN!, GH; UC).

Arnica subplumosa Greene, Pittonia 3: 104, 1896. LECTOTYPE (here designated): Wyoming, Union Peak, 13 August 1894, Aven Nelson 995 (NDG; ISOLECTOTYPES, RM, UC). Colorado, Gunnison Watershed, Divide between Ouray & Telluride, above timber stem clustered, common on rich slopes, 10 August 1901, C.F. Baker 760 (NDG). SYNTYPE (designated by Gruezo & Denford 1994): Wyoming, Teton Peaks, 21 August 1894, Aven Nelson 933 (NDG, RM).

Arnica merriamii Greene, Pittonia 4: 36, 1899. TYPE: California, Mt. Shasta, 18 July 189S, C. Hart Merriam 25 (HOLOTYPE, US!).

Arnica crocea Greene, Pittonia 4: 159, 1900 non L., Arnica crocina Greene, Torreya 1: 42, 1901; TYPE: British Columbia, Canoe River, headwaters of Columbia River, aft. 5800 ft. 11 August 1898, W. Spreadborough Geol. Surv. Canada 19645. (ISOTYPE, CAN!).

Arnica rivularis Greene, Pittonia 4: 163, 1900. TYPE: Oregon, subalpine streambanks of the Powder River (Eagle Creek) Mountains, alt. 5000 ft (1538 m), 28 August 1897, William C. Cusick 1795, (HOLOTYPE, NDG; ISOTYPES, GH!, UC).

Arnica scaberrima Greene, Pittonia 4: 165, 1900; Arnica mollis Hook. var. scaberrima (Greene) Smiley, Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. 9: 386, 1921. TYPE: California (Southeastern California), moist places in Little Kern River, perennial, 1 1/2 ft tall, flower yellow, alt. 9-10,000 ft. April-September 1897, C.A. Purpus 5260 (HOLOTYPE, US!; ISOTYPES, GH!, UC!).

Arnica chamissonis Less. var. longinodosa A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 199, 1900. TYPE: Wyoming, Centennial Valley, 17 August 1895, Aven Nelson 1702 (HOLOTYPE, RM). TYPE: Wyoming, La Plata Mines, 23 August 1895, Aven Nelson 1785 (PARATYPE, RM, UC). TYPE: Wyoming, Teton Peaks, 21 August 1894, Aven Nelson 933 (PARATYPE, RM). TYPE: Wyoming, Yellowstone National Park, Lewis River, in bogs, 9 August 1899, Aven Nelson & Elias Nelson 6379 (PARATYPE, RM). TYPE: UTAH, Marysvale, head of Bullion Creek, aft. 11500 ft. 23 August 1894, Marcus E. Jones 5883 (PARATYPES, NY photo!, RM, UC)

Arnica confinis Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 281, 1902. TYPE: British Columbia, Chilliwack Valley, between Lat. 49° & Lat. 49° 10', & Long. 121° 25' & Long. 122°, Tarni Hy Mountain, rocky slopes, aft. 6000 ft. 29 August 1901, J.M. Macoun Geol. Surv. Can. 26933 (HOLOTYPE, NDG; ISOTYPES, CAN!, NY photo!, UC; GH!).

Arnica amplifolia Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 354, 1927. TYPE: Idaho, Bitter Root Forest Reserve, head of Bear Creek, aft. 2050 m, 26 August 1897, John B. Leiberg 2934 (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!).

21. Arnica nevadensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19:55. 1883. TYPE: Lassen’s Peak, California, R. M. Austin s.n. (LECTOTYPE by Rydberg, GH!; SYNTYPE, Summit Valley, California, Sept. 25, 1882, C. G. Pringle s.n. NY!).

Arnica tomentella Greene, Pittonia 4: 166. 1900. TYPE: open woods in Middle Tule River, California, alt. 5500 ft., April-Sept. 1897. C. A. Purpus 5625 (HOLOTYPE, US!; ISOTYPES, GH!, MO!, UC!).

22. Arnica ovata Greene, Pittonia 4: 161, 1900. TYPE: Utah, Alta, Wahsatch Mts, alt. 11000fl, 31 July 1879, Marcus E. Jones 1128 (HOLOTYPE, NDG; ISOTYPES, MO, NY photo!, UT, UC).

Arnica latifolia Bong. var. viscidula Gray, Syn Fl N. Amer. 1: 381, 1884. H.M. Hall & C. C. Hall, A Yosemite Flora, p 263, 1912; F.J. Smiley, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9: 387, 1921; W.L. Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl Calif., p. 1157, 1925. TYPE: Sierra Nevada Mts., 25 September 1883, C. G. Pringle 2 (HOLOTYPE, GH!). TYPE: High Sierra, 13 October 1874, E. L. Greene 414 (PARATYPE, UC).

Arnica diversifolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 171, 1900, syn. nov.; P. A. Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 355, 1927; S.F. Blake in I. Tidestrom, Contrib. U.S. Nat Mus. 25: 606, 1925; GN Jones, Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 7: 166, 1938; B. Maguire, Britionia 4(3): 475, 1943; E Hulten, Lund Univ Arsskr. N.F. Avd. 0, 46: 1592. 1950; A. Cronquist in RJ. Davis, Flora of Idaho, p. 688, 1952; E H. Moss, Flora of Alberta, 1st ed., p. 447, 1959, A Cronquist in R. Ferris, Illus Fl. Pac. States 4: 421, fig. 5723, 1959; J.P. Anderson, Flora of Alaska & adjacent parts of Canada, p 495, 1959; E Hulten, Flora of Alaska & Neighboring Territories, p. 921, 1 968; A. Cronquist in C.L. Hitchcock & A. Cronquist, Fl. Pac. NW, p 484, fig 7a, 1973; L J. Clark, Wild Flowers of British Columbia, p 509, 1973; S. L Welsh, Anderson's Flora of Alaska, p. 119, 1974; W.J. Ferlatte, Flora of Trinity Alps N. Calif., p. 38, 1974; R.I. Ediger & T.M. Barkley, N. Amer Fl. ser II. pt. 10, 24, l 978; H.J. Scoggan, Fl. Canada, pt. 4, 1475, 1979; J. G. Packer, Moss's Flora of Alberta, 2nd ed (revised), p. 537, map 1014, 1983; S.L. Welsh et al., A Utah Flora, p. 143,1987. TYPE: Oregon, from the highest Powder River (Eagle Creek) Mts, alt 8-9000 ft, steep N slopes, 1897, Wm. C Cusick1810. (HOLOTYPE, NDG); ISOTYPES, CAS, CU, GH!, MO, ORE, UC, US!).

Arnica silvatica Greene, Pl. Baker 3:27, 1901,syn. nov = Arnica subplumosa var. silvatica (Greene) A. Nelson, New Man. Rocky Mt. Bot 573, 1909 TYPE: Colorado, (Gunnison Watershed), Ruby, common in spruce woods, stems in large clusters, 9500 ft. 7 August 1901, C.F. Baker 715 (HOLOTYPE NDG; ISOTYPES, CAS, GH!, NY photo!, POM, WS, UC, US!)

Arnica confinis Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 281, 1902 TYPE: British Columbia, Chilliwack Valley, bet Lat. 49° & Lat. 49° 10', & Long 121° 25' & Long. 122°, Tarni Hy Mountain, rocky slopes, alt. 6000 ft. 29 August 1901, J.M. Macoun Geol. Surv. Can. 26933 (HOLOTYPE, ND; ISOTYPES, CAN, UC, Arnica parryi A. Gray, Amer. Nat. 8: 213, 1874. Arnica parryi A. Gray subsp. genuina Maguire, Brittonia 4(3): 481, 1943, nomen illegit. TYPE: Colorado, Clear Creek, from the headwaters of Clear Creek & the alpine ridges lying E of "Middle Park", 1861, C.C. Parry 10 (HOLOTYPE, GH; ISOTYPES, NY photo!, PH).

Arnica angustifolia Vahl var. discoidea latifolia Gray, Amer. J. Sc. 83: 238, 1862. TYPE: same as that for Arnica parryi A. Gray (vide supra).

Arnica angustifolia Vahl var. eradiata A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1: 68, 1863 = Arnica eradiata (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. Amer. Pl. 7: 130, 1898. TYPE: Colorado, Rocky Mt. alpine flora, latitude 39° 41°, 1862, E. Hall & J.P. Harbour 338 (HOLOTYPE, GH!).

Arnica parryi A. Gray subsp. sonnei (Greene) Maguire, Brittonia 4(3): 482, 1943; = Arnica sonnei Greene, Pittonia 3: 104, 1896; R.M. Lloyd & R.S. Mitchell, Flora of White Mts. Calif. & Nevada, p. 165, 1973; = Arnica foliosa Nutt. var. sonnei (Greene) Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Cal. 1157,1925. = Arnica parryi var. sonnei (Greene) Cronquist in Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 105. 1958; A. Cronquist in R. Ferris, Illus. Fl. Pac. States 4: 422,1959. TYPE: California, Placer Co.,3 mi from Truckee, woods on Truckee River, shadyplaces,4 July 1886, C.F. Sonne 5 (HOLOTYPE, NDG?; ISOTYPES, BM, GH!, UC).

Arnica parryi A. Gray var. crinita Osterhout, Muhlenbergia 6: 47, 1910. TYPE Colorado Larimer Co., Mt. Cameron, 15 August 1908, G.E. Osterhout 3814 (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPE, RM; UC).

Arnica arachnoidea Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 353, 1927. Synon. nov. TYPE: Utah Big Cottonwood Canyon, below Silver Lake, 4 July 1905, PA. Rydberg & E. C. Carlton 6609 (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!; ISOTYPE, CAN!; UC).

GH!).

23. Arnica rydbergii Greene, Pittonia 4: 37. 1899. TYPE: "Flora of Central Montana. Little Belt Mts., near the Pass. Aug. 10, 1896. L H. Flodman 891." (HOLOTYPE, NDG; ISOTYPES, NY photo!, US).

Arnica caespitosa A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 30: 203. 1900. TYPE: "Yellowstone National Park, on high stony ridges, Druid Peak, Wyoming. July 12, 1899. A. & E. Nelson 5785." (HOLOTYPE, RM; ISOTYPES, CAS, GH!, NY photo!, RM, US!).

Arnica tenuis Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 20. 1901. TYPE: "Big Horn Mountains, Sheridan Co., Northwestern Wyoming. Aug. 1899. F. Tweedy 2094." (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!).

Arnica coloradensis Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 131. 1905. TYPE: United States of America. Colorado. Colorado Territory. C.C. Parry. (HOLOTYPE, NY photo!).

Arnica aurantiaca Greene, Torreya 1: 42. 1901. TYPE: "Eastern Oregon Plants. Head of Keystone Creek, Wallowa Mtns. Aug. 2, 1900. Wm. C. Cusick 2451". (ISOTYPES, NY photo!, ORE, RM, US!).

Arnica lasiosperma Greene, Leaflets 2: 48. 1910. TYPE: Estes Park, base of Long's Peak, Colorado. 26 Aug. 1895. Osterhout s.n. fide Maguire (1943). (HOLOTYPE, NDG?).

Arnica cascadensis St. John, Rep. Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist. B.C. 1926: 10. 1927. TvPE: "Mt. McLean, British Columbia. July 11, 1926. W. B. Anderson 8003." (HOLOTYPE, WS, photo CAN).

Arnica sulcata Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 344. 1927. TYPE: "Scott Mountain, Siskiyou County, California. Aug. 22, 1896. E. L. Greene 1005." (HOLOTYPE, GH!).

Arnica ovalis Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 338. 1927. TYPE: "Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mtns. July 31, 1897. J. M. Macoun 72719." (HOLOTYPE, CAN!).

24. Arnica sororia Greene, Ottawa Nat. 23: 213. 1910. Arnica fulgens Pursh var. sororia (Greene) G. W. Douglas and G. Ruyle-Douglas in Taylor and MacBryde, Canad. J. Bot. 56: 185. 1978. TYPE: "Near International boundary between Kettle and Columbia rivers. Cascade, B.C. June 30, 1902. J. M. Macoun (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 64987)". (HOLOTYPE, NDG; ISOTYPES, CAN!, GH!, NY photo!, UC).

Arnica stricta Greene, Ottawa Nat. 23: 214. 1910, non Arnica. stricta A. Nels., Ottawa Nat. 23: 214. 1910. Arnica trinervata Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 344. 1927. TYPE: "Near International Boundary between Kettle and Columbia Rivers. June 30, 1902. J. M. Macoun (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 64979)". On ISOTYPES, "W. of Cascade, B.C." (HOLOTYPE, NDG; ISOTYPES, CAN, NY photo!, UC).

25. Arnica spathulata Greene, Pittonia 3: 103. 1896. TYPE: Glendale, Oregon, June 30, 1887, T. Howell s.n. (HOLOTYPE, NDG!; ISOTYPES, CAN! ORE, US!).

Arnica eastwoodiae Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 343. 1927. Arnica spathulata Greene subsp. eastwoodiae (Rydb.) Maguire, Brittonia 4: 458. 1943. Arnica spathulata Greene var. eastwoodiae (Rydb.) Ediger and Barkley. N. Am. Fl. 11. 10: 43. 1978. TYPE: Gasquet, French Hill, Del Norte Co., California, Sept, 14, 1912, A. Eastwood 221 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, GH!, NY!, US!).

Arnica cusickii Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34: 343. 1927. TYPE: dry western slopes, Cascade Mountains, southern Oregon, July 11, 1902, W. C. Cusick 2873 (HOLOTYPE, NY!; ISOTYPES, GH!, MO!, ORE!, POM!, UC!, US!).

26. Arnica unalaschcensis Lessing, Linnaea 6: 238. 1831. TYPE: Chamisso, Alaska.

Arnica obtusifolia Less., Linnaea 6: 236. 1831. TYPE: Chamisso, Alaska. (TYPE fragment, S). Name first reduced to synonymy under Arnica unalaschcensis by Herder in 1967, thereby losing priority.

27. Arnica venosa H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 174. 1915. TYPE: Salt Creek, Shasta Co., California, alt. 430 m H. M. Hall and E. B. Babcock 4013 (HOLOTYPE, UC!; ISOTYPES, GH!, NY!, ORE, RM!, UC!, US!).

28. Arnica viscosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 374. 1878. TYPE: Mt. Shasta, California, 8000’, Sept. 1877, J. D. Hooker and A. Gray s.n. (HOLOTYPE, GH!; ISOTYPE, NY photo!).

Raillardella paniculata Greene, Erythea 3: 48. 1895. TYPE: near the limit of trees on Mt. Shasta, California, Aug. 4,1894, W. L. Jepson s.n. (HOLOTYPE, NDG!).

Chrysopsis shastensis Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Cal. 1037. 1925. TYPE: Horse Camp, Mt. Shasta, California, 1000 ft., W. L. Jepson 59I (HOLOTYPE, JEPS!). In his original publication Jepson cited number 51i as the holotype; however, according to his notes (Robbins, annotation on type sheet) as well as his designation of "Type" on number 59i, this latter specimen is the holotype, and a typographical error occurred on publication.

 

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